Doctor of Philosophy (PhD Pharmacology)

Ph.D Pharmacology - Pharmacology is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drugaction, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the cell) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals. The field encompasses drug composition and properties, interactions, toxicology, therapy, and medical applications and anti pathogenic capabilities. The two main areas of pharmacology are pharmaco dynamics and pharmaco kinetics. The former studies the effects of the drugs on biological systems, and the latter the effects of biological systems on the drugs. In broad terms,pharmaco dynamics discusses the chemicals with biological receptors, and pharmaco inetics discusses the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of chemicals from the biological systems. Pharmacology is not synonymous with pharmacy and the two terms are frequently confused. Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with how drugs interact within biological systems to affect function.