NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Maths: Chapter 13-Direct and Inverse Proportions

NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Maths: Chapter 13-Direct and Inverse Proportions

Page No: 208

Exercise 13.1

1. Following are the car parking charges near a railway station upto:
4 hours Rs.60
8 hours Rs.100
12 hours Rs.140
24 hours Rs.180
Check if the parking charges are in direct proportion to the parking time.

Answer

Charges per hour:
 C₁= 60/4 = Rs.15
C2= 100/8 = Rs.12.50
C3= 140/12 = Rs.11.67
C4= 180/24= Rs.7.50
Here, the charges per hour are not same, i.e., C₁ ≠ C₂ ≠ C₃ ≠ C₄
Therefore, the parking charges are not in direct proportion to the parking time.

2. A mixture of paint is prepared by mixing 1 part of red pigments with 8 parts of base. In the following table, find the parts of base that need to be added.

Answer

Let the ratio of parts of red pigment and parts of base be a/b
Here a₁ = 1, b₁ = 8
⇒ a₁/b₁ = 1/8 = k (say)
When a₂ = 4, b₂ = ?
 k = a₂/b₂ ⇒ b₂ = a₂/k = 4/1/8 = 4 × 8 = 32
When a = 7, b = ?
k = a₃/b₃ ⇒ b₃ = a₃/k = 7/1/8 = 7 × 8 = 56
When a = 12, b = ?
k = a₄/b₄ ⇒ b₄ = a₄/k = 12/1/8 = 12 × 8 = 96
When a₅ = 20, b₅ =?
k = a₅/b₅ ⇒ b₅ = a₅/k = 20/1/8 = 20 × 8 = 160

3. In Question 2 above, if 1 part of a red pigment requires 75 mL of base, how much red pigment should we mix with 1800 mL of base?

Answer
Let the parts of red pigment mix with 1800 mL base be x.

Since it is in direct proportion.
∴ 1/75 = x/1800
⇒ 75 × x = 1 × 1800
⇒ x = (1 × 1800)/75 = 24 parts
Hence with base 1800 mL, 24 parts red pigment should be mixed.

4. A machine in a soft drink factory fills 840 bottles in six hours. How many bottles will it fill in five hours?

Answer

Let the number of bottles filled in five hours be x.

Here ratio of hours and bottles are in direct proportion.
6/840 = 5/x
⇒ 6 × x = 5 × 840
⇒ x = (5 × 840)/6 = 700 bottles
Hence machine will fill 700 bottles in five hours.

5. A photograph of a bacteria enlarged 50,000 times attains a length of 5 cm as shown in the diagram. What is the actual length of the bacteria? If the photograph is enlarged 20,000 times only, what would be its enlarged length?

Answer

Let Actual length of bacteria be ‘a’
It is enlarged 50,000 times so 50000 × a = 5 cm
Actual length of bacteria
= 5/50000 = 1/10000 cm = 10^-4 cm
Let enlarged length of bacteria be x

Here length and enlarged length of bacteria are in direct proportion.
∴ 5/50000 = x/20000
⇒ x × 50000 = 5 × 20000
⇒ x = (5 × 20000)/50000 = 2 cm
Hence the enlarged length of bacteria is 2 cm.

6. In a model of a ship, the mast is 9 cm high, while the mast of the actual ship is 12 m high. If the length of the ship is 28 m, how long is the model ship?

Answer

Let the length of model ship be x.

Here length of mast and actual length of ship are in direct proportion.
∴ 12/9 = 28/x
⇒ x × 12 = 28 ×9
⇒ x = (28 × 9)/12= 21 cm
Hence length of the model ship is 21 cm.

7. Suppose 2 kg of sugar contains 9× 106 crystals. How many sugar crystals are there in
(i) 5 kg of sugar?
(ii) 1.2 kg of sugar?

Answer

(i) Let sugar crystals be x.

Here weight of sugar and number of crystals are in direct proportion.
∴ 2/(9 × 10⁶) = 5/x
⇒ x × 2 = 5 × 9 × 10⁶
⇒ x = (5 × 9× 10⁶)/2
= 22.5 × 10⁶ = 2.25 × 10⁷
Hence the number of sugar crystals is 2.25 × 10⁷

(ii) Let sugar crystals be x.
Here weight of sugar and number of crystals are in direct proportion.
∴ 2/(9 × 10⁶) = 1.2/x
⇒ x × 2 = 1.2 ×9 × 10⁶
⇒ x = (1.2 × 9 × 10⁶)/2
= 0.6 × 9 × 10⁶ = 5.4 × 10⁶
Hence the number of sugar crystals is 5.4 × 10⁶

8. Rashmi has a road map with a scale of 1 cm representing 18 km. She drives on a road for 72 km. What would be her distance covered in the map?

Answer

Let distance covered in the map be x.

Here actual distance and distance covered in the map are in direct proportion.
∴ 18/1 = 72/x
⇒ x × 18 = 72 × 1
⇒ x = (72 × 1)/18 = 4 cm
Hence distance covered in the map is 4 cm.

9. A 5 m 60 cm high vertical pole casts a shadow 3 m 20 cm long. Find at the same time (i) the length of the shadow cast by another pole 10 m 50 cm high (ii) the height of a pole which casts a shadow 5 m long.

Answer

Here height of the pole and length of the shadow are in direct proportion.
And 1 m = 100 cm
5 m 60 cm = 5 × 100 + 60 = 560 cm
3 m 20 cm = 3 × 100 + 20 = 320 cm
10 m 50 cm = 10 × 100 + 50 = 1050 cm
5 m = 5 × 100 = 500 cm

(i) Let the length of the shadow of another pole be x.

∴ 560/320 = 1050/x
⇒ x ×560 = 1050 × 320
⇒ x = (1050 × 320)/ 560 = 600 cm = 6 m
Hence length of the shadow of another pole is 6 m.

(ii) Let the height of the pole be x.

∴ 560/320 = x/500
⇒ x × 320 = 560 × 500
⇒ x = (560 × 500)/320
= 875 cm = 8 m 75 cm
Hence height of the pole is 8 m 75 cm.

10. A loaded truck travels 14 km in 25 minutes. If the speed remains the same, how far can it travel in 5 hours?

Answer
Let distance covered in 5 hours be x km.
∵ 1 hour = 60 minutes
∴ 5 hours = 5 × 60 = 300 minutes

Here distance covered and time are in direct proportion.
∴ 14/25 = x/300
⇒ x × 25 = 14 × 300
⇒ x = (14 × 300)/25 = 168 km

Page No. 213

Exercise 13.2

1. Which of the following are in inverse proportion:
(i) The number of workers on a job and the time to complete the job.
(ii) The time taken for a journey and the distance travelled in a uniform speed.
(iii) Area of cultivated land and the crop harvested.
(iv) The time taken for a fixed journey and the speed of the vehicle.
(v) The population of a country and the area of land per person.

Answer

(i) The number of workers and the time to complete the job is in inverse proportion because less workers will take more time to complete a work and more workers will take less time to complete the same work.
(ii) Time and distance covered in direct proportion.
(iii) It is a direct proportion because more area of cultivated land will yield more crops.
(iv) Time and speed are inverse proportion because if time is less, speed is more.
(v) It is a inverse proportion. If the population of a country increases, the area of land per person decreases.

2. In a Television game show, the prize money of Rs.1,00,000 is to be divided equally amongst the winners. Complete the following table and find whether the prize money given to an individual winner is directly or inversely proportional to the number of winners:

Answer

Here number of winners and prize money are in inverse proportion because winners are increasing, prize money is decreasing.
When the number of winners are 4, each winner will get = 100000/4 = Rs. 25,000
When the number of winners are 5, each winner will get = 100000/5 = Rs. 20,000
When the number of winners are 8, each winner will get = 100000/8 = Rs. 12,500
When the number of winners are 10, each winner will get = 100000/10 = Rs. 10,000
When the number of winners are 20, each winner will get = 100000/20 = Rs. 5,000

3. Rehman is making a wheel using spokes. He wants to fix equal spokes in such a way that the angles between any pair of consecutive spokes are equal. Help him by completing the following table:
(i) Are the number of spokes and the angles formed between the pairs of consecutive spokes in inverse proportion?
(ii) Calculate the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes on a wheel with 15 spokes.
(iii) How many spokes would be needed, if the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes is 40°?

Answer

Here the number of spokes are increasing and the angle between a pair of consecutive spokes is decreasing. So, it is a inverse proportion and angle at the centre of a circle is 360°.
When the number of spokes is 8, then angle between a pair of consecutive spokes = 360°/8 = 45°
When the number of spokes is 10, then angle between a pair of consecutive spokes= 360°/10 = 36°
When the number of spokes is 12, then angle between a pair of consecutive spokes= 360°/12 = 30°

(i) Yes, the number of spokes and the angles formed between a pair of consecutive spokes is in inverse proportion.
(ii) When the number of spokes is 15, then angle between a pair of consecutive spokes= 360°/15 = 24°
(iii) The number of spokes would be needed = 360°/40 = 9°

4. If a box of sweets is divided among 24 children, they will get 5 sweets each. How many would each get, if the number of the children is reduced by 4?

Answer

∵ Each child gets = 5 sweets
∴ 24 children will get 24 × 5 = 120 sweets
Total number of sweets = 120
If the number of children is reduced by 4, then children left = 24 – 4 = 20
Now each child will get sweets = 120/20
= 6 sweets

5. A farmer has enough food to feed 20 animals in his cattle for 6 days. How long would the food last if there were 10 more animals in his cattle?

Answer

Let the number of days be x
Total number of animals = 20 + 10 = 30

Here the number of animals and the number of days are in inverse proportion.
∴ 20/30 = x/6
⇒ 30 × x = 20 × 6
⇒ x = (20 × 6)/30 = 4
Hence the food will last for four days.

6. A contractor estimates that 3 persons could rewire Jasminder’s house in 4 days. If, he uses 4 persons instead of three, how long should they take to complete the job?

Answer

Let time taken to complete the job be x

Here the number of persons and the number of days are in inverse proportion.
∴ 3/4 = x/4
4 × x = 3 × 4
⇒ x = (3 × 4)/4 = 3 days
Hence they will complete the job in 3 days.

7. A batch of bottles was packed in 25 boxes with 12 bottles in each box. If the same batch is packed using 20 bottles in each box, how many boxes would be filled?

Answer

Let the number of boxes be x.

Here the number of bottles and the number of boxes are in inverse proportion.
∴ 12/20 = x/25
⇒ x × 20 = 12 × 25
⇒ x = (12 × 25)/20 = 15
Hence 15 boxes would be filled.

8. A factory requires 42 machines to produce a given number of articles in 63 days. How many machines would be required to produce the same number of articles in 54 days?

Answer

Let the number of machines required be x.

Here the number of machines and the number of days are in inverse proportion.
∴ 63/54 = x/42
x × 54 = 63 × 42
x = (63 × 42)/54 = 49
Hence 49 machines would be required.

9. A car takes 2 hours to reach a destination by travelling at the speed of 60 km/hr. How long will it take when the car travels at the speed of 80 km/hr?

Answer

Let the number of hours be x.

Here the speed of car and time are in inverse proportion.
∴ 60/80 = x/2
⇒ x 80 = 60 × 2
⇒ x = (60×2)/80
=3/2
= 1.1/2 hrs.
Hence the car will take 1.1/2 hours to reach its destination.

10. Two persons could fit new windows in a house in 3 days.
(i) One of the persons fell ill before the work started. How long would the job take now?
(ii) How many persons would be needed to fit the windows in one day?

Answer

(i) Let the number of days be x

Here the number of persons and the number of days are in inverse proportion.
∴ 2/1 = x/3
⇒ x × 1 = 2 × 3
⇒ x = (2 × 3)/1 = 6 days

(ii) Let the number of persons be x

Here the number of persons and the number of days are in inverse proportion.
∴ 2/x = 1/3
⇒ x×1 = 2×3
⇒ x = (2×3)/1
= 6 persons

11. A school has 8 periods a day each of 45 minutes duration. How long would each period be, if the school has 9 periods a day, assuming the number of school hours to be the same?

Answer

Let the duration of each period be x.

Here the number of periods and the duration of periods are in inverse proportion.
∴ 8/9 = x/45
⇒ x×9 = 8×45
⇒ x = (8×45)/9 = 40 minutes
Hence, duration of each period would be 40 minutes.

Chapterwise NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Maths

Chapter 1 – Rational Numbers
Chapter 2 – Linear Equations in One Variable
Chapter 3 – Understanding Quadrilaterals
Chapter 4 – Practical Geometry
Chapter 5 – Data Handling
Chapter 6 – Squares and Square Roots
Chapter 7 – Cubes and Cube Roots
Chapter 8 – Comparing Quantities
Chapter 9 – Algebraic Expressions and Identities
Chapter 10 – Visualizing Solid Shapes
Chapter 11 – Mensuration
Chapter 12 – Exponents and Powers
Chapter 13 – Direct and Inverse Proportions
Chapter 14 – Factorization
Chapter 15 – Introduction to Graphs
Chapter 16 – Playing with Numbers

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