ISC Class 12 Commerce Syllabus

ISC Class 12 Commerce Syllabus

Paper 1 – Theory

Theory paper is of 3 hours duration and 80 marks. There are 4 units in the syllabus: (i) Business Environment (ii) Financing (iii) Management (iv) Marketing.

1. Business Environment

Concept, and importance of Business Environment.

Meaning, features and importance of Business Environment;

Dimensions of Business Environment – Micro (Internal and External factors) and Macro (Economic, social, technological, political and legal) – meaning and components.

S.W.O.T. Analysis – A basic understanding of S.W.O.T. (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat) Analysis.

2. Financing

(i) Capital: Sources of finance for sole trader; partnership; Joint Stock Company; financial planning.

(ii) Sources of finance for a Joint Stock Company.

1. Different types of shares: equity, preference. Bonus shares, rights issue, ESOP, Sweat Equity Shares, Retained earnings.
2. Loan capital: debentures.
3. Loans from commercial banks and Financial Institutions. 
4. Short-term sources of funds. 

(iii) Banking – latest trends.

3. Management

(i) Management: Meaning, objectives and characteristics of management.

Meaning of Management: as an activity; as a group; as a discipline; as a process. Objectives and characteristics of management.

(ii) Nature of Management – Science, Art and Profession.

(iii) Importance of Management.

(iv) Principles of Management: nature of principles; need for principles.

Nature of principles of Management; need for principles of management; Taylor’s 5 scientific principles of Management; Fayol’s 14 principles of Management; Comparison of Taylor’s and Fayol’s principles.

(v) Functions of Management: Planning; Organising; Staffing; Directing; Controlling and Coordinating.

4. Marketing

(i) Marketing: concept and functions.

Meaning and types of markets; meaning and features of marketing. Marketing concepts: traditional v/s modern – meaning and features of traditional and modern concepts of marketing. Comparison between marketing and selling. Objectives and importance of marketing; functions of marketing – meaning, features of each function of marketing.

(ii) Marketing Mix.

Product Mix – goods and services – meaning, features and types of goods; meaning, features of services; difference between product and services. Branding: meaning and merits. Labeling: meaning and merits. Packaging: meaning and features of good packaging.

Price Mix – meaning, factors determining price.

Place Mix – meaning, channel of distribution choice of channels of distribution and physical distribution.

Promotion Mix – Meaning and elements.

Elements – Advertising, sales promotion, personal selling and publicity – meaning, features, objectives and differences.

(iii) Consumer protection: rights of consumers, methods of consumer protection.

Need for consumer protection; methods of consumer protection – self-help, legislative measures and consumer associations/NGOs, Consumer Protection Act, 2019 – Rights of consumers.

The Consumer Disputes Redressal Commissions (National, State and District).

Paper II – Project Work

Paper II – Project Work 20 Marks

The project work will be assessed by the teacher and a Visiting Examiner appointed locally and approved by the Council.