Introduction
=> Proteins, which are basically biomolecules, play wide range of functions in the body of a living organism.
=> Proteins are made up of tiny elements of different types of amino acids.
=> A sequence of amino acid residues in a protein is known particularly by the sequence of a gene; gene is encoded in the genetic code.
=> After formation, proteins exist for a fixed period of time and are then degraded and recycled.
=> The proteins get recycled by the cell’s machinery by the process of protein turnover.
=> Most of the proteins contain linear polymers made up of series of up to 20 different L-α-amino acids.
=> The amino acids in a polypeptide chain are connected by peptide bonds.
=> The peptide bond, usually, has two resonance forms, which contribute some double-bond characters.
Protein Structure
=> Most of the proteins illustrate unique 3-dimensional structures.
=> However, proteins have not a rigid structure, but rather, proteins may vary between several related structures especially when they perform their functions.
Types of Protein
=> Enzymes − enzymes play important role especially during the breakdown of molecules. Enzymes are also required for the digestion and growth of the cell.
=> Structural Proteins − such type of proteins provide strength to cells, tissues, and organs.
=> Signaling Proteins − Such proteins facilitate cells to communicate with each other by providing signals.
=> Defensive Proteins − Such proteins help organisms to fight with infection and support damaged tissue in healing fast.
=> Hormone − Some hormones are proteins that help in metabolic activities.