(1) The name “thyroid” was introduced by Thomas Wharton (1656).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(2) It is derived from Greek “Thyreos” a shield.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
(3) Location:<\/strong>– This is the largest endocrine gland of our body. It is located in our neck upon the ventral aspect of larynx (sound box or Adam’s apple) and a few anterior most tracheal rings. It is a dark brown and H-shaped bilobed gland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (4) Hormones of thyroid:<\/strong>–<\/p>\n\n\n\n Thyroid gland secretes two iodinated hormones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (a) Thyroxine<\/strong>:- It is an iodine containing (6% iodine) amine hormone which is derived from tyrosine amino acid. Chemically thyroxine is tetraidothyronine though also found as tri-iodothyronine. Secretion of thyroxine is inversely proportional to the blood level of thyroxine (feedback mechanism).<\/p>\n\n\n\n (b) Thyrocalcitonin (TCT)<\/strong>:- It is a long peptide hormone secreted by parafollicular by cells of thyroid gland (C-cells). It secretion is regulated by increased plasma level of calcium by feedback mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n (5) Irregularities of thyroid gland<\/strong>:-<\/p>\n\n\n\n (a) Hypothyroidism:<\/strong>– (Decreased section of thyroxine from thyroid gland).<\/p>\n\n\n\n (b) Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones (Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis):-<\/strong> This may also be a genetic defect, but usually it is provided by chronic infections (influenza, rheumatism, tonsilitis, tuberculosis, measles, whooping cough, etc.) pregnancy, intake of large doses of iodine, over-eating, etc. It results into a considerable increase in glucose and oxygen consumption by cells and the rate of oxidative metabolism in the mitochondria.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" (1) The name “thyroid” was introduced by Thomas Wharton (1656). (2) It is derived from Greek “Thyreos” a shield. (3) Location:– This is the largest endocrine gland of our body. It is located in our neck upon the ventral aspect of larynx (sound box or Adam’s apple) and a few anterior most tracheal rings. It […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":304,"featured_media":588404,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2203],"tags":[],"boards":[],"class_list":["post-588397","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-study","entry"],"yoast_head":"\n