{"id":546408,"date":"2021-10-06T10:41:18","date_gmt":"2021-10-06T10:41:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/?p=546408"},"modified":"2021-10-07T06:19:42","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T06:19:42","slug":"rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-23-data-handling-i-classification-and-tabulation-of-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-23-data-handling-i-classification-and-tabulation-of-data\/","title":{"rendered":"RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling &#8211; I (Classification and Tabulation of Data)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\">Class 8: Maths Chapter 23 solutions. Complete Class 8 Maths Chapter 23 Notes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-23-data-handling-i-classification-and-tabulation-of-data\">RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling &#8211; I (Classification and Tabulation of Data)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><meta http-equiv=\"content-type\" content=\"text\/html; charset=utf-8\">RD Sharma 8th Maths Chapter 23, Class 8 Maths Chapter 23 solutions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EXERCISE 23.1 PAGE NO: 23.7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Define the following terms :<br>(i) Observations<br>(ii) Raw data<br>(iii) Frequency of an observation<br>(iv) Frequency distribution<br>(v) Discrete frequency distribution<br>(vi) Grouped frequency distribution<br>(vii) Class-interval<br>(viii) Class-size<br>(ix) Class limits<br>(x) True class limits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i) Observations:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Observation is the value at a particular period of a particular variable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii) Raw data:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Raw data is the data collected in its original form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii) Frequency of an observation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frequency of an observation is the number of times a certain value or a class of values occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iv) Frequency distribution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Frequency distribution is the organization of raw data in table form with classes and frequencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(v) Discrete frequency distribution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Discrete frequency distribution is a frequency distribution where sufficiently great numbers are grouped into one class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(vi) Grouped frequency distribution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Grouped frequency distribution is a frequency distribution where several numbers are grouped into one class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(vii) Class-interval:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Class interval is a group under which large number of data is grouped to analyse its Range and Distribution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(viii) Class-size:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Class size is the difference between the upper and the lower values of a class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ix) Class limits:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Class limits are the smallest and the largest observations (data, events, etc.) in a class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(x) True class limits:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>True class limits are the actual class limits of a class.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The final marks in mathematics of 30 students are as follows:<br>53, 61, 48, 60, 78, 68, 55, 100, 67, 90, 75, 88, 77, 37, 84,<br>58, 60, 48, 62, 56, 44, 58, 52, 64, 98, 59, 70, 39, 50, 60<br>(i) Arrange these marks in the ascending order, 30 to 39 one group, 40 to 49 second group etc.<br>Now answer the following:<br>(ii) What is the highest score?<br>(iii) What is the lowest score?<br>(iv) What is the range?<br>(v) If 40 is the pass mark how many have failed?<br>(vi) How many have scored 75 or more?<br>(vii) Which observations between 50 and 60 have not actually appeared?<br>(viii) How many have scored less than 50?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The given raw data can be arranged in an ascending order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The class intervals are 30 \u2013 39, 40 \u2013 49, \u2026, 100 \u2013 109.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, take the raw data and place it in the appropriate class intervals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i) &nbsp;<\/strong>The marks can be arranged in an ascending order as shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Groups<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Marks in Ascending order<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30 \u2013 39<\/td><td>37, 39<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40 \u2013 49<\/td><td>44, 48, 48<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50 \u2013 59<\/td><td>50, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 58, 59<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>60 \u2013 69<\/td><td>60, 60, 60, 61, 62, 64, 67, 68<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70 \u2013 79<\/td><td>70, 75, 77, 78<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>80 \u2013 89<\/td><td>84, 88<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>90 \u2013 99<\/td><td>90, 98<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>100 \u2013 109<\/td><td>100<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii)<\/strong>&nbsp;The Highest score is 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;The Lowest score is 37.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iv)<\/strong>&nbsp;The Range is 100 \u2013 37 i.e., 63.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(v)<\/strong>&nbsp;If 40 is the passing mark, then the number of students who failed is 2 (i.e. 37, 39).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(vi)<\/strong>&nbsp;The number of students scoring 75 and above is 8 (i.e. 75, 77, 78, 84, 88, 90, 98, 100).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(vii)<\/strong>&nbsp;The marks 51, 54, and 57 do not actually appear between 50 and 60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(viii)<\/strong>&nbsp;The number of students scoring less than 50 is 5 (i.e. 37, 39, 44, 48, 48).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The weights of new born babies (in kg) in a hospital on a particular day are as follows:<br>2.3, 2.2, 2.1, 2.7, 2.6, 3.0, 2.5, 2.9, 2.8, 3.1, 2.5, 2.8, 2.7, 2.9, 2.4<br>(i) Rearrange the weights in descending order.<br>(ii) Determine the highest weight.<br>(iii) Determine the lowest weight.<br>(iv) Determine the range.<br>(v) How many babies were born on that day?<br>(vi) How many babies weigh below 2.5 kg?<br>(vii) How many babies weigh more than 2.8 kg?<br>(viii) How many babies weigh 2.8 kg?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i)&nbsp;<\/strong>The weights of the newly born babies in descending order are as follows: 3.1, 3.0, 2.9, 2.9, 2.8, 2.8, 2.7, 2.7, 2.6, 2.5, 2.4, 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii)&nbsp;<\/strong>The highest weight is 3.1 kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii)&nbsp;<\/strong>The lowest weight is 2.1 kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iv)&nbsp;<\/strong>The range is 3.1-2.1, i.e. 1 kg<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(v)&nbsp;<\/strong>The number of babies born on that day is 15<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(vi)&nbsp;<\/strong>The number of babies whose weights are below 2.5 kg is 4 (i.e. 2.4, 2.3, 2.2, 2.1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(vii)&nbsp;<\/strong>The number of babies whose weights are more than 2.8 kg is 4 (i.e. 3.1, 3.0, 2.9, 2.9)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(viii)&nbsp;<\/strong>The number of babies whose weight is 2.8 kg is 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Following data gives the number of children in 41 families :<br>1, 2, 6, 5, 1, 5, 1, 3, 2, 6, 2, 3, 4, 2, 0, 0, 4, 4, 3, 2, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, 5, 1, 2, 4, 3, 4, 1, 6, 2, 2.<br>Represent it in the form of a frequency distribution.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The data can be put in the form of frequency distribution in the following manner:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>Children<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>No: of Families<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Prepare a frequency table of the following scores obtained by 50 students in a test:<br>42, 51, 21, 42, 37, 37, 42, 49, 38, 52, 7, 33, 17,44, 39, 7, 14, 27, 39, 42, 42, 62, 37, 39, 67, 51,53, 53, 59, 41, 29, 38, 27, 31, 54, 19, 53, 51, 22,61, 42, 39, 59, 47, 33, 34, 16, 37, 57, 43<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:&nbsp;<\/strong>The frequency table of 50 students is given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Marks<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><td>Marks<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><td>Marks<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>7<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>33<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>49<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>34<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>51<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>37<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>52<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>38<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>53<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>39<\/td><td>4<\/td><td>54<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>21<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>41<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>57<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>22<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>42<\/td><td>6<\/td><td>59<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>27<\/td><td>2<\/td><td>43<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>61<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>29<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>44<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>62<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>31<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>47<\/td><td>1<\/td><td>67<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>A die was thrown 25 times and following scores were obtained :<br>1, 5, 2, 4, 3, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5, 1, 6, 2,&nbsp;6, 3, 5, 4, 1, 3, 2, 3, 6, 1, 5, 2<br>Prepare a frequency table of the scores.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency of the scores of the die is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>The Die<\/td><td>Frequency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>In a study of number of accidents per day, the observations for 30 days were obtained as follows :<br>6, 3, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 2,<br>0, 5, 4, 6, 1, 6, 0, 5, 3, 6, 1, 5, 5, 2, 6<br>Prepare a frequency distribution table.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Given that,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>6, 3, 5, 6, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 2,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>0, 5, 4, 6, 1, 6, 0, 5, 3, 6, 1, 5, 5, 2, 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From the above set we can observe that 0 occurs for 2 times,1 occurs for 3times, 2 occurs for 6times, 3 occurs for 3times, 4 occurs for 4times, 5 occurs for 6times, 6 occurs for 6 times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table for the number of accidents per day for a period of 30 days is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Number of Accidents<\/td><td>Frequency<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>6<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Prepare a frequency table of the following ages (in years) of 30 students of class VIII in your school :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13, 14, 13, 12, 14, 13, 14, 15, 13, 14, 13, 14, 16, 12, 14, 13, 14, 15, 16, 13, 14, 13, 12, 17, 13, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table of the ages of 30 students of class VII in the school is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Age (In years)<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>13<\/td><td>12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>14<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>16<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9. Following figures relate to the weekly wages (in Rs.) of 15 workers in a factory:<br>300, 250, 200, 250, 200, 150, 350, 200, 250, 200, 150, 300, 150, 200, 250<br>Prepare a frequency table.<br>(i) What is the range in wages (in Rs)?<br>(ii) How many workers are getting Rs. 350?<br>(iii) How many workers are getting the minimum wages?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table shows the weekly wages of 15 workers in a factory:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Wages in Rs<\/td><td>No: of Workers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>150<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>200<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>250<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>300<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>350<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i)<\/strong>&nbsp;The range of wages (in Rs) is 350-150 i.e. 200.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii)<\/strong>&nbsp;From the frequency table, we can see that the number of workers earning Rs 350 is 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;Here, the minimum wage is 150. Hence, the number of workers earning the minimum wage is 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Construct a frequency distribution table for the following marks obtained by 25 students in a history test in class VIII of a school :<br>9, 7, 12, 20, 9, 18, 25, 17, 19, 9, 12, 9, 12, 18, 17, 19, 20, 25, 9, 12, 17, 19, 19, 20, 9<br>(i) What is the range of marks?<br>(ii) What is the highest mark?<br>(iii) Which mark is occurring more frequently?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency distribution table is given below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Marks<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>9<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>12<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>17<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>18<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>19<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i)<\/strong>&nbsp;The range of marks is 25-9, i.e. 16.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii)<\/strong>&nbsp;The highest mark is 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;The mark that occurs most frequently is 9. It occurs 6 times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p>EXERCISE 23.2 PAGE NO: 23.14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The marks obtained by 40 students of class VIII in an examination are given below :<br>16, 17, 18, 3, 7, 23, 18, 13, 10, 21, 7, 1, 13, 21, 13, 15, 19, 24, 16, 3, 23, 5, 12, 18, 8, 12, 6, 8, 16, 5, 3, 5, 0, 7, 9, 12, 20, 10, 2, 23.<br>Divide the data into five groups namely 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-25 and prepare a grouped frequency table.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table for the marks of 40 students of class VIII in an examination is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Range of Marks<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0-5<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5-10<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10-15<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15-20<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20-25<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The marks scored by 20 students in a test are given below:<br>54, 42, 68, 56, 62, 71, 78, 51, 72, 53, 44, 58, 47, 64, 41, 57, 89, 53, 84, 57.<br>Complete the following frequency table:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"525\" height=\"232\" src=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/https-gs-question-images-grdp-co-2019-6-ques-156.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-546414\" title=\"RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23 \u2013 Data Handling \u2013 I Classification and Tabulation of Data image - 2\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/https-gs-question-images-grdp-co-2019-6-ques-156.png 525w, https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/https-gs-question-images-grdp-co-2019-6-ques-156-300x133.png 300w, https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/https-gs-question-images-grdp-co-2019-6-ques-156-400x177.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 525px) 100vw, 525px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>What is the class interval in which the greatest frequency occurs?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table can be completed as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Marks in Class Interval<\/td><td>Tally Marks<\/td><td>No: of Children<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40 \u2013 50<\/td><td>IIII<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u2013 60<\/td><td>III<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>60 \u2013 70<\/td><td>III<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70 \u2013 80<\/td><td>III<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>80 \u2013 90<\/td><td>II<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The class interval with the greatest frequency (8) is 50-60.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The following is the distribution of weights (in kg) of 52 persons:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Weight in kg<\/td><td>Persons<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30 \u2013 40<\/td><td>10<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40 \u2013 50<\/td><td>15<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50 \u2013 60<\/td><td>17<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>60 \u2013 70<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70 \u2013 80<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><br>(i) What is the lower limit of class 50-60?<br>(ii) Find the class marks of the classes 40-50, 50-60.<br>(iii) What is the class size?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i)<\/strong>&nbsp;The lower limit of the class 50-60 is 50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii)<\/strong>&nbsp;Class mark for the class 40-50:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>i.e., (40+50) \/ 2 = 90\/2 = 45<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, Class mark for the class 50-60:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>i.e., (50+60) \/ 2 = 110\/2 = 55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;Here the class size is 40-30, i.e. 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Construct a frequency table for the following weights (in gm) of 35 mangoes using the equal class intervals, one of them is 40-45 (45 not included) :<br>30, 40, 45, 32, 43, 50, 55, 62, 70, 70, 61, 62, 53, 52, 50, 42, 35, 37, 53, 55, 65, 70, 73, 74, 45, 46, 58, 59, 60, 62, 74, 34, 35, 70, 68.<br>(i) What is the class mark of the class interval 40-45?<br>(ii) What is the range of the above weights?<br>(iii) How many classes are there?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Weight (in grams)<\/td><td>No: of Mangoes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30 \u2013 35<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>35 \u2013 40<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40 \u2013 45<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>45 \u2013 50<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50 \u2013 55<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>55 \u2013 60<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>60 \u2013 65<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>65 \u2013 70<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70 \u2013 75<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(i)<\/strong>&nbsp;Class mark for the class interval 40 \u2013 45:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Class mark = (40+45) \/ 2 = 85\/2 = 42.5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(ii)<\/strong>&nbsp;Range of the above weights:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Range = Highest value \u2013 Lowest value<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Range = 74 \u2013 30 = 44<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>(iii)<\/strong>&nbsp;Number of classes = 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Construct a frequency table with class-intervals 0-5 (5 not included) of the following marks obtained by a group of 30 students in an examination :<br>0, 5, 7, 10, 12, 15, 20, 22, 25, 27, 8, 11, 17, 3, 6, 9, 17, 19, 21, 29, 31, 35, 37, 40, 42, 45, 49, 4, 50, 16.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table with class intervals 0 \u2013 5, 5 \u2013 10, 10 \u2013 15, . . . , 45 \u2013 50 is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Marks<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>0 \u2013 5<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>5 \u2013 10<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>10 \u2013 15<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>15 \u2013 20<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20 \u2013 25<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>25 \u2013 30<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30 \u2013 35<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>35 \u2013 40<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40 \u2013 45<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>45 \u2013 50<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50 \u2013 55<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>6.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The marks scored by 40 students of class VIII in mathematics are given below :<br>81, 55, 68, 79, 85, 43, 29, 68, 54, 73, 47, 35, 72, 64, 95, 44, 50, 77, 64, 35, 79, 52, 45, 54, 70, 83, 62, 64, 72, 92, 84, 76, 63, 43, 54, 38, 73, 68, 52, 54.<br>Prepare a frequency distribution with class size of 10 marks.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table of the marks scored by 40 students of class VIII in mathematics is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Marks<\/td><td>Frequency Distribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>20 \u2013 30<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>30 \u2013 40<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>40 \u2013 50<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>50 \u2013 60<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>60 \u2013 70<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>70 \u2013 80<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>80 \u2013 90<\/td><td>34<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>90 \u2013 100<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>7.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The heights (in cm) of 30 students of class VIII are given below :<br>155, 158, 154, 158, 160, 148, 149, 150, 153, 159, 161, 148, 157, 153, 157, 162, 159, 151, 154, 156, 152, 156, 160, 152, 147, 155, 163, 155, 157, 153.<br>Prepare a frequency distribution table with 160-164 as one of the class intervals.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency distribution table is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Height (in cm)<\/td><td>No: of Students<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>145 \u2013 149<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>150 \u2013 154<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>155 \u2013 159<\/td><td>12<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>160 \u2013 164<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>8.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The monthly wages of 30 workers in a factory are given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>830, 835, 890, 810, 835, 836, 869, 845, 898, 890, 820, 860, 832, 833, 855, 845, 804, 808, 812, 840, 885, 835, 836, 878, 840, 868, 890, 806, 840, 890.<br>Represent the data in the form of a frequency distribution with class size 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table of the monthly wages of 30 workers in a factory is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Wages<\/td><td>No: of Workers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>800 \u2013 809<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>810 \u2013 819<\/td><td>2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>820 \u2013 829<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>830 \u2013 839<\/td><td>8<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>840 \u2013 849<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>850 \u2013 859<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>860 \u2013 869<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>870 \u2013 879<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>880 \u2013 889<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>890 \u2013 899<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>9.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Construct a frequency table with equal class intervals from the following data on the monthly wages (in rupees) of 28 labourers working in a factory, taking one of the class intervals as 210-230 (230 not included) :<br>220, 268, 258, 242, 210, 268, 272, 242, 311, 290, 300, 320, 319, 304, 302, 318, 306, 292, 254, 278, 210, 240, 280, 316, 306, 215, 256, 236.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table of the monthly wages of 28 laborers working in a factory is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Wages<\/td><td>No: of Workers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>210 \u2013 230<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>230 \u2013 250<\/td><td>4<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>250 \u2013 270<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>270 \u2013 290<\/td><td>3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>290 \u2013 310<\/td><td>7<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>310 \u2013 330<\/td><td>5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>10.<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>The daily minimum temperatures in degrees Celsius recorded in a certain Arctic region are as follows :<br>\u2013 12.5, -10.8, -18.6, -8.4, -10.8, -4.2, -4.8, -6.7, -13.2, -11.8, -2.3, 1.2, 2.6, 0, -2.4, 0, 3.2, 2.7, 3.4, 0, -2.4, -2.4, 0, 3.2, 2.7, 3.4, 0, -2.4, -5.8, -8.9, -14.6, -12.3, -11.5, -7.8, -2.9<br>Represent them as frequency distribution table taking -19.9 to -15 as the first class interval.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Solution:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The frequency table of the daily minimum temperatures is shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Temperature<\/td><td>Frequency Distribution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u201319.9 to \u201315<\/td><td>1<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u201315 to \u201311.1<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u201311.1 to \u20136.2<\/td><td>6<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u20136.2 to \u20131.3<\/td><td>9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u20131.3 to 3.6<\/td><td>13<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-23-download-pdf\">RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23:&nbsp;<strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling &#8211; I (Classification and Tabulation of Data)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/RD-Sharma-Solutions-for-Class-8-Maths-Chapter-23\u2013Data-Handling-I-Classification-and-Tabulation-of-Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Download PDF<\/strong>: RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling &#8211; I (Classification and Tabulation of Data) PDF<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chapterwise RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8&nbsp;Maths :<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-1-rational-numbers\/\">Chapter 1\u2013Rational Numbers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-2-powers\/\">Chapter 2\u2013Powers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-3-squares-and-square-roots\/\">Chapter 3\u2013Squares and Square Roots<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-4-cubes-and-cube-roots\/\">Chapter 4\u2013Cubes and Cube Roots<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-5-playing-with-numbers\/\">Chapter 5\u2013Playing with Numbers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-6-algebraic-expressions-and-identities\/\">Chapter 6\u2013Algebraic Expressions and Identities<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-7-factorization\/\">Chapter 7\u2013Factorization<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-8-division-of-algebraic-expressions\/\">Chapter 8\u2013Division of Algebraic Expressions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-9-linear-equation-in-one-variable\/\">Chapter 9\u2013Linear Equation in One Variable<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-10-direct-and-inverse-variations\/\">Chapter 10\u2013Direct and Inverse Variations<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-11-time-and-work\/\">Chapter 11\u2013Time and Work<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-12-percentage\/\">Chapter 12\u2013Percentage<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-13-profit-loss-discount-and-value-added-tax-vat\/\">Chapter 13\u2013Profit, Loss, Discount and Value Added Tax (VAT)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-14-compound-interest\/\">Chapter 14\u2013Compound Interest<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-15-understanding-shapes-i-polygons\/\">Chapter 15\u2013Understanding Shapes- I (Polygons)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-16-understanding-shapes-ii-quadrilaterals\/\">Chapter 16\u2013Understanding Shapes- II (Quadrilaterals)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-17-understanding-shapes-iii-special-types-of-quadrilaterals\/\">Chapter 17\u2013Understanding Shapes- III (Special Types of Quadrilaterals)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-18-practical-geometry-constructions\/\">Chapter 18\u2013Practical Geometry (Constructions)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-19-visualising-shapes\/\">Chapter 19\u2013Visualising Shapes<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-20-mensuration-i-area-of-a-trapezium-and-a-polygon\/\">Chapter 20\u2013Mensuration \u2013 I (Area of a Trapezium and a Polygon)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-21-mensuration-ii-volumes-and-surface-areas-of-a-cuboid-and-a-cube\/\">Chapter 21\u2013Mensuration \u2013 II (Volumes and Surface Areas of a Cuboid and a cube)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-22-mensuration-iii-surface-area-and-volume-of-a-right-circular-cylinder\/\">Chapter 22\u2013Mensuration \u2013 III (Surface Area and Volume of a Right Circular Cylinder)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-23-data-handling-i-classification-and-tabulation-of-data\/\">Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling \u2013 I (Classification and Tabulation of Data)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-24-data-handling-ii-graphical-representation-of-data-as-histogram\/\">Chapter 24\u2013Data Handling \u2013 II (Graphical Representation of Data as Histogram)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-25-data-handling-iii-pictorial-representation-of-data-as-pie-charts-or-circle-graphs\/\">Chapter 25\u2013Data Handling \u2013 III (Pictorial Representation of Data as Pie Charts or Circle Graphs)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-26-data-handling-iv-probability\/\">Chapter 26\u2013Data Handling \u2013 IV (Probability)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-27-introduction-to-graphs\/\">Chapter 27\u2013Introduction to Graphs<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About RD Sharma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>RD Sharma i<em>sn&#8217;t the kind of author you&#8217;d bump into at lit fests. But his bestselling books have helped many&nbsp;<\/em>CBSE<em>&nbsp;students lose their dread of&nbsp;<\/em>maths<em>. Sunday Times profiles the tutor turned internet star<\/em><br>He dreams of algorithms that would give most people nightmares. And, spends every waking hour thinking of ways to explain concepts like &#8216;series solution of linear differential equations&#8217;. Meet Dr&nbsp;Ravi Dutt Sharma&nbsp;\u2014&nbsp;mathematics&nbsp;teacher and author of 25 reference books \u2014 whose name evokes as much awe as the subject he teaches. And though students have used his thick tomes for the last 31 years to ace the dreaded maths exam, it&#8217;s only recently that a spoof video turned the tutor into a YouTube star.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>R D Sharma had a good laugh but said he shared little with his on-screen persona except for the love for maths. &#8220;I like to spend all my time thinking and writing about maths problems. I find it relaxing,&#8221; he says. When he is not writing books explaining mathematical concepts for classes 6 to 12 and engineering students, Sharma is busy dispensing his duty as vice-principal and head of department of science and humanities at Delhi government&#8217;s Guru Nanak Dev Institute of Technology.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Read More<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-yoast-seo-related-links\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/ncert-solutions-for-11th-class-maths-chapter-15-statistics\/\">NCERT Solutions for 11th Class Maths: Chapter 15-Statistics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/ncert-solutions-for-9th-class-maths-chapter-14-statistics\/\">NCERT Solutions for 9th class Maths : Chapter 14 Statistics<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/ncert-solutions-for-11th-class-economics-chapter-3-organisation-of-data\/\">NCERT Solutions for 11th Class Economics: Chapter 3-Organisation of Data<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/ncert-solutions-for-11th-class-physics-chapter-15-waves\/\">NCERT Solutions for 11th Class Physics: Chapter 15-Waves<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/school\/hill-range-high-school\/\">Hill Range High School<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Class 8: Maths Chapter 23 solutions. Complete Class 8 Maths Chapter 23 Notes. RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling &#8211; I (Classification and Tabulation of Data) RD Sharma 8th Maths Chapter 23, Class 8 Maths Chapter 23 solutions EXERCISE 23.1 PAGE NO: 23.7 1.&nbsp;Define the following terms :(i) Observations(ii) Raw data(iii) [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":302,"featured_media":546411,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"newspack_featured_image_position":"","newspack_post_subtitle":"","newspack_article_summary_title":"Overview:","newspack_article_summary":"","newspack_hide_updated_date":false,"newspack_show_updated_date":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1411,58],"tags":[1962],"boards":[],"class_list":["post-546408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-book-solutions","category-class-8","tag-rd-sharma-solutions","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.0 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8, maths Chapter 23 - IndCareer Schools<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling - I (Classification and Tabulation of Data) | Browse Class 8- IndCareer Schools\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/rd-sharma-solutions-for-class-8-maths-chapter-23-data-handling-i-classification-and-tabulation-of-data\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"RD Sharma Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 23\u2013Data Handling - I (Classification and Tabulation of Data)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Class 8: Maths Chapter 23 solutions. Complete Class 8 Maths Chapter 23 Notes. 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