{"id":121765,"date":"2021-02-15T12:36:34","date_gmt":"2021-02-15T12:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/?p=121765"},"modified":"2023-09-16T01:35:13","modified_gmt":"2023-09-16T01:35:13","slug":"ncert-solutions-for-8th-class-science-chapter-2-microorganisms-friend-and-foe-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.indcareer.com\/schools\/ncert-solutions-for-8th-class-science-chapter-2-microorganisms-friend-and-foe-science\/","title":{"rendered":"NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Science: Chapter 2-Microorganisms : Friend and Foe Science"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Science: Chapter 2-Microorganisms : Friend and Foe Science<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Page No: 29<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excercise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. Fill in the blanks:<\/strong>
(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a _________.
(b) Blue green algae fix _________ directly from air to enhance fertility of soil.
(c) Alcohol is produced with the help of _________.
(d) Cholera is caused by _________.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a) Microorganisms can be seen with the help of a microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b) Blue green algae fix nitrogen directly from air to enhance fertility of soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c) Alcohol is produced with the help of yeast.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(d) Cholera is caused by bacteria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Tick the correct answer:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a) Yeast is used in the production of<\/strong>
(i) sugar
(ii) alcohol
(iii) hydrochloric acid
(iv) oxygen
\u25ba (ii) alcohol<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b) The following is an antibiotic<\/strong>
(i) Sodium bicarbonate
(ii) Streptomycin
(iii) Alcohol
(iv) Yeast
\u25ba (ii) Streptomycin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c) Carrier of malaria-causing protozoan is<\/strong>
(i) female Anopheles mosquito
(ii) cockroach
(iii) housefly
(iv) butterfly
\u25ba (i) female Anopheles mosquito<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(d) The most common carrier of communicable diseases is<\/strong>
(i) ant
(ii) housefly
(iii) dragonfly
 (iv) spider
\u25ba (ii) housefly<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(e) The bread or idli dough rises because of<\/strong>
(i) heat
(ii) grinding
(iii) growth of yeast cells
(iv) kneading
\u25ba (iii) growth of yeast cells<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(f) The process of conversion of sugar into alcohol is called<\/strong>
(i) nitrogen fixation
(ii) moulding
(iii) fermentation
(iv) infection
\u25ba (iii) fermentation<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Match the organisms in Column I with their action in Column II.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\nColumn\n I<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\nColumn\n II<\/span><\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(i)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Bacteria<\/span><\/td>\n
\n(a)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Fixing\n nitrogen<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(ii)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Rhizobium<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n
\n(b)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Setting of\n curd<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(iii)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Lactobacillus<\/span><\/i><\/td>\n
\n(c)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Baking of\n bread<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(iv)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Yeast<\/span><\/td>\n
\n(d)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Causing\n malaria<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(v)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
A protozoan<\/span><\/td>\n
\n(e)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Causing\n cholera<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(vi)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
A virus<\/span><\/td>\n
\n(f)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Causing AIDS<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n
\n(g)<\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Producing\n antibodies<\/span><\/td>\n <\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\nColumn\n I<\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\nColumn\n II<\/b><\/div>\n<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(i)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Bacteria<\/td>\n
\n(e)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Causing\n cholera<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(ii)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Rhizobium<\/i><\/td>\n
\n(a)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Fixing\n nitrogen<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(iii)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Lactobacillus<\/i><\/td>\n
\n(b)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Setting of\n curd<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(iv)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Yeast<\/td>\n
\n(c)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Baking of\n bread<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(v)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
A protozoan<\/td>\n
\n(d)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Causing\n malaria<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n
\n(vi)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
A virus<\/td>\n
\n(f)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
Causing AIDS<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table>\n\n\n\n

4. Can microorganisms be seen with the naked eye? If not, how can they be seen?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Microorganisms are too small so they cannot be seen with naked eye. They can be seen with the help of a magnifying glass or microscope.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Page No: 30<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. What are the major groups of microorganisms?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are five major groups of micro-organisms:
\u2192 Bacteria – They are single celled disease-causing micro-organisms. They can be spiral or rod- shaped.
\u2192 Fungi – They are mostly multicellular disease-causing microbes. Bread moulds are common examples of fungi.
\u2192 Protozoa – They mainly include organisms such as Amoeba, Plasmodium,etc. They can be unicellular or multicellular.
\u2192 Virus -Viruses are disease-causing microbes that reproduce only inside the host organism.
\u2192 Algae – They include multicellular, photosynthetic organisms such as Spirogyra, Chlamydomonas, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Name the microorganisms which can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bacteria such as Rhizobium and certain blue-green algae can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Write 10 lines on the usefulness of microorganisms in our lives.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Micro-organisms are too small to be seen through naked eyes. However, they are vital to plants and the environment.\u2192 Lactobacillus is used to form curd from milk.
\u2192 Rhizobium present in the roots of pulse plants fix nitrogen from air and supply nitrogen compounds to the pulse plants.
\u2192 Micro-organisms are also used in winemaking, baking, pickling, and other food making processes.
\u2192 Alcoholic fermentation by yeast is widely used in the preparation of wine and bread.
\u2192 Microbes are used to reduce pollution. For example, decomposers such as bacteria and fungi break down dead bodies and excreta to form inorganic compounds, which can be absorbed by plants.
\u2192 Microbes also play an important role in the preparation of medicines. Antibiotics are chemicals produced by micro-organisms to kill bacteria. Penicilin is an antibotic made from Penicilium.
\u2192 Bacteria present in our intestine helps in proper digestion and release Vitmain B which is absorbed by intestine.
\u2192 Many vaccines are prepared from micro-organisms. These vaccines are given to children to protect them from disease.
\u2192 Certain microbes are also used in the biological treatment of sewage and industrial effluents.
\u2192 Yeast is used in making idlis, bhaturas, bread, pastries and cakes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Write a short paragraph on the harms caused by microorganisms.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Micro-organisms cause diseases in animals. For example, in humans, bacteria cause diseases such as tuberculosis, cholera, typhoid, etc. In cattle, the foot and mouth disease is caused by a virus. Also, several microbes cause diseases in plants. For example, the productivity of wheat, orange, apple, etc. is reduced due to microbial diseases in plants. Certain microbes, on entering into our body, produce toxic substances. This leads to food poisoning. Some micro-organisms such as fungus spoil our food. For example, bread when left unused under moist conditions gets spoilt by fungus, producing a white cotton-like growth on the bread.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. What are antibiotics? What precautions must be taken while taking antibiotics?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Answer<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antibiotics are medicines produced by certain micro-organisms to kill other disease-causing micro-organisms.
Precautions to be taken while using antibiotics:
\u2192 Antibiotics should be taken under the supervision of a well qualified doctor.
\u2192 Course (intake) of antibiotics should be completed as per the prescription given by the doctor.
\u2192 Antibiotics should be taken in the right amount and at the right time. A wrong dose of antibiotics makes the drug ineffective. Also, excessive consumption of drugs may kill the useful bacteria present in our body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chapterwise NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Science<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chapter 1 \u2013 Crop Production and Management<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 2 \u2013 Microorganisms: Friend and Foe<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 3 \u2013 Synthetic Fibres and Plastics<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 4 \u2013 Materials: Metals and Non-Metals<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 5 \u2013 Coal and Petroleum<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 6 \u2013 Combustion and Flame<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 7 \u2013 Conservation of Plants and Animals<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 8 \u2013 Cell Structure and Functions<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 9 \u2013 Reproduction in Animals<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 10 \u2013 Reaching the Age of Adolescence<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 11 \u2013 Force and Pressure<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 12 \u2013 Friction<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 13 \u2013 Sound<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 14 \u2013 Chemical Effects of Electric Current<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 15 \u2013 Some Natural Phenomena<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 16 \u2013 Light<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 17 \u2013 Stars and the Solar System<\/a><\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Chapter 18 \u2013 Pollution of Air and Water<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

About<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The National Council of Educational Research and Training is an autonomous organization of the Government of India which was established in 1961 as a literary, scientific, and charitable Society under the Societies Registration Act. Its headquarters are located at Sri Aurbindo Marg in New Delhi. Visit the Official NCERT website<\/a> to learn more. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
NCERT Solutions<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
NCERT Solutions for Class 8<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NCERT Solutions for 8th Class Science: Chapter 2-Microorganisms : Friend and Foe Science Page No: 29 Excercise 1. 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