Basic Chemistry: Mole, Lon՚s and Salts, Acidity and Basicity and Arrhenius Theory
Basic Chemistry: Mole, Lon՚s and Salts, Acidity and Basicity and Arrhenius Theory

Table of Contents

  1. Introduction
  2. Atoms and Elements
  3. Atomic number and atomic mass
  4. Periodic Table and Chemical Bonds
  5. Isotopes
  6. Radioisotopes
  7. Periodic Table and Chemical Bonds
  8. Electronegativity
  9. Chemical Bond
  10. Compound, substance, Molecule
  11. Acidity and Basicity
  12. Redox Reaction

Learning Outcomes

After studying this lesson, you shall be able to:

  1. mole
  2. Ions and salts
  3. Arrhenius theory

Mole (Unit)

  1. Mole is a chemical mass unit, defined to be 6.022 ×1023 molecules, atoms, or some other unit.
  2. The mass of a mole is the gram formula mass of a substance.
  3. The number of entities per mole is known as the Avogadro constant, and is determined empirically.
  4. The currently accepted value is
  5. 6.02214179 (30) x 10(23) mol-1
  6. The amount of substance of a solute per volume of solution is known as molarity used to express the concentration of a solution in the chemical laboratory.
  7. The most commonly used units for molarity are mol/L (the official SI units are mol/m3) .

Ions and Salts

  1. An ion is a charged species, an atom or a molecule, that has lost or gained one or more electrons. Positively charged cations (e. g. sodium cation Na +) and.
  2. negatively charged anions (e. g. chloride Cl-) can form a crystalline lattice of neutral salts (e. g. sodium chloride NaCl) .
  3. Examples of polyatomic ions that do not split up during acid-base reactions are hydroxide (OH-) and phosphate (PO4 3-) .
  4. Ions in the gaseous phase are often known as plasma.
Gaseous Phase

Acidity and Basicity

  • * Acid-Base Reaction
  • 1. A substance can often be classified as an acid or a base.
  • 2. There are several different theories which explain acid-base behaviour.
  • 3. The simplest is Arrhenius theory, which states that an acid is a substance that produces hydronium ions when it is dissolved in water, and a base is one that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water.
Acidity and Basicity

Arrhenius Theory

  1. According to Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory, acids are substances that donate a positive hydrogen ion to another substance in a chemical reaction; by extension, a base is the substance which receives that hydrogen ion.
Arrhenius Theory

MCQs

  1. What is SI unit of Molarity:
  1. Mol/m-1
  2. mol/m3
  3. Mol
  4. None of the above

Answer: mol/m3

2. Which among the following can act as both acid and base:

1.SO2

2.H2SO4

3.SO42–

4.H2O

Answer: H2O