Contents
1st Semester - NIT Kurukshetra M.Tech Instrumentation Syllabus
Transducers PHY511T
Basic characteristics of measuring devices, Transducer classification Basic Requirements of a transducer
Displacement: Principles of Transduction, Resistive, Capacitive & Inductive transducers, LVDT, Hall Effect, Digital Transducers
Strain: Factors affecting Strain Measurements, Types of Strain Gauges, theory of Operation of resistance Strain Gauges, Types of electrical Strain Gauges, Materials for Strain Gauges, Gauging techniques, Strain Gauge Circuits, Temperature Compensation
Pressure: Transduction Methods, Diaphragms, Force-Balance Transducer, Piezoelectric Pressure Transducer, Vibrating Element Pressure Sensors
Flow: Classification of Flow meters, Head-Type of Flow Meters, Rotameter, Electromagnetic Flowmeter, Anemometers, Ultrasonic Flow Meter
Temperature: Temperature Scales, Resistance-Type Temperature sensors, Platinum Resistance Thermometer, Thermistors, Thermocouples, Solid-State Sensors, Quartz Thermometer, Temperature Measurement by Radiation Methods, Optical Pyrometer
Signal Processing - Phy512T
Signal conditioning: Active impedance Transformers, Low noise amplifiers, Chopper amplifiers, Instrumentation amplifier.
Signal Processing circuits: Phase sensitive detector, absolute value detector, Peak detector, RMS converter, Linearisation., Multiplier, Modulation and demodulation.
Passive and active filters: Practical circuits and their characteristics, Analog filters and their use in frequency selective amplifiers. Signal analysis and its applications, Signal-to-noise ratio enhancement.
Data acquisition and conversion: Multiplexing and demulti-plexing., D/A and A/D convertors. Elements of digital signal Processing.
X-Rays & Biomedical Instrumentation - Phy513T
BIOPOTENTIALS AND ELECTRODES: Origin of Bioelectric potentials. The electrodeelectrolyte system. Polarization, polarizable and non-polarizable electrodes. Skin contact impedance. Electrodes for ECG, EEG & EMG, Microelectrodes.
BIOMEDICAL RECORDERS; Electrocardiograph, electroencephalograph & Electromyograph, Blood pressure measurement: direct and indirect methods.
BLOOD FLOWMETERS: Electromagnetic, Ultrasonic, NMR and Laser Doppler Blood flowmeters.
PULMONARY FUNCTION ANALYSERS: Respiratory volumes, wedge and ultrasonic spirometers. Fleisch pneumo-tachometer.
X-RAY IMAGING: X-ray machine. Image intensifiers & image noise. X-ray computed tomography. Emission computed tomography.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: MRI, Benefits and limitations of MRI
ULTRASOUND IMAGING AND THERAPY: Physics of ultrasonic waves. Generation, detection, absorption, reflection and diffraction of ultrasonic waves. Pulse echo system. Ultrasonic scanning: Ascanners & B-scanners. Real time ultrasonic imaging systems. Therapy with ultrasonic waves, Biological effects of ultrasonic waves.
RADIOTHERPY: Radiobiology and radiation physics treatment planning, Particle beam therapy (hadrontherapy), biological effects, Dosimetry in modern radiation therapy, Dose measurement.
Electro-Optical Instrumentation- Phy514t
Sources of IR, Visible, UV radiations, Constant illumination sources. Characteristics of laser radiation, and Different types of lasers and their applications. Detectors for IR Visible and UV radiations.
Design criteria of Opto-electronic systems. Prism, Grating and Filter monochromators, Spectrophotometers, Colorimeters, Flame-Photometers, Flourimeters and Turbidity meters.
High Vacuum Techniques - Phy515t
Throughput, conductance and impedance, Production of vacuum-Mechanical pumps: Rotary pump, Roots pump & Turbomolecular pump, vapour jet and vapour diffusion pumps, their design Principles, construction, operational characteristics and use. Sorption of gases, gettering and getterion pumps, degassing of surfaces. Sputter- ion-pumps, Cryogenic pumps. Principle & working of various types of gauges, Leak detection. Materials, Fabrication techniques and vacuum components. Vacuum plumbing. Ultra high vacuum. Vacuum system design.
Applications of high vacuum: vacuum coating, vacuum impregnation, freeze drying, fabrication of ICs, space simulation, ion implantation, particle accelerators, vacuum distillation.
2nd Semester NIT Kurukshetra M.Tech Instrumentation Syllabus
Materials Characterisation Techniques - Phy521t
X-Ray Methods: Production and detection of X-rays, X-ray spectra, X-ray absorption and diffraction, Scattering factors (Atomic scattering factor and geometrical scattering factor), Reciprocal lattice, Diffractometers and spectrometers, Methods of analysis: Powder and Laue, Electron microproble analysis.
Electron microscopy: Electron microscope, construction, contrast, resolving power, depth of focus, specimen preparation, Scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscope
Surface Analysis techniques: Auger, ESCA, ISS, methods of surface analysis (principle, instrumentation and detection) Mass spectrometers and spectrographs, Mossbauer spectrometry, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Thermal analysis: Gravimetric analysis, Differential thermal analysis.
Remote Sensing - Phy522t
Concept and foundations of remote sensing, Ideal remote sensing-System, Methodology, Resolutions-Spatial, Spectral, radiometric and temporal, Spectral signatures, Radiometric terms and definitions,. Interactions of electromagnetic radiation with earth’s surface and earth’s atmosphere. Microdensitometers, filters, Aerial cameras and photographs, Photographic resolution, modulation transfer function(MTF). Air photo Interpretation fundamental basic equipment. Aerial Sensor Imagery. Multispectral Scanners(MSS), Characteristics of MSS Images; Interpretation and applications of MSS imagery: Thermal IR line Scanner; Sideways-looking Airborne Radar(SLAR). Satellite Sensor Imagery-introduction, Earth Resources Satellites and Space remote Sensing SystemsLANDSAT, SPOT, IRS series. Image processing-Simple concepts and fundamental, continuous and discrete image processing, Digital Image Processor.
Remote Sensing relating instruments & Systems-IR spectrometer Radiometers, Scanners, LIDAR: Detectors & Systems: Detectors: Photoconductive, photodiodes, CCD, PMT & Vidicon, Characteristics of detectors. Remote Sensing Applications-Oceanography, Mineral resources Forestry, Stoke’s parameters, Land use planning, weather, Global positioning System (GPS), GPS for ground truth collection.
Nuclear Instrumentation: PHY523T
Detection of nuclear radiations: Introduction, Principle of nuclear detections, various detectors-their characteristics and applications, Interaction of radiations with matter.
Detection devices: Gas ionization based detectors, ionization chambers, G.M.detectors, Proportional counters & their design considerations
Semiconductor radiation detectors: Homogeneous and Junction type (Diffused Junction, surface-barrier Junction, Lithium ion drifted Junction, High purity Ge detector), Characteristics, fabrication and design considerations.
Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD): Basics of track etch generation and applications, detection thresholds, restricted energy loss. Basics of active measurement techniques for environmental radioactivity; beta/gamma radiation survey meter, Alpha Guard and shielding materials.
Amplifiers and instrumentation circuits: Photomultiplier tube, Input amplifiers, fast pulse amplifiers, pulse shaping circuits, pulse height analyzers, coincidence and anti-coincidence circuits
Nanosensors and Devices - PHY524T
Nanosensors: Indroduction of nanosensors, nanoscale organization for sensors. Materials for nanosensors. Fabrication of sensors. Types of sensors : Gas sensors, magnetic sensors, piezeoelectric sensors, pressure sensors, Sensing Mechanisms in different sensors.
Physics of Nanoscale Devices: General Considerations, Electronic, optical, magnetic and mechanical properties at nanoscale materials.
Nanodevices: Megnetic data sources devices electronic, nanoelectromechnical devices, nanomotors spin valves STM, AFM, SET, HEMT, RTD.
Carbon nanotube based devices: structure and properties of CNTs, Carbon nanotube transistors, fabrication , properties and applications.
Computer Technology- PHY525T
Part A: Computer Architecture:
Introduction to Operation System, Programm Loops, Programming Arithmetic and Logic Operations, Subroutines, Input and Output Programming, Multiprogramming, time-sharing, distributed systems, real time system; overview of pipelining, array processing, multiprocessing, SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD architecture.
Part B: C Programming:
Constants, variables, data types; simple input-output statements like, scanf, printf, getch, getche, getchar, gets, putch, puts; loops; if-else; case structure; I-d and 2-d arrays; functions; programming using above statements.